In operation the antenna rotates about a vertical axis, sweeping a vertical fan-shaped beam of microwaves around the local airspace to locate and track aircraft. The curved reflector antenna on the bottom is the primary surveillance radar (PSR), and the flat antenna on top of it is the secondary surveillance radar (SSR). The antenna system of a typical air traffic control radar, the ASR-9. Note that in common informal usage, the term "SSR" is sometimes used to refer to the entire ATCRBS system, however this term (as found in technical publications) properly refers only to the ground radar itself. ![]() Transponders that receive an interrogation decode it, decide whether to reply, and then respond with the requested information when appropriate. The SSR transmits interrogations and listens for any replies. These two radar systems work in conjunction to produce a synchronized surveillance picture. The SSR is sometimes co-located with the primary surveillance radar, or PSR. The system consists of transponders, installed in aircraft, and secondary surveillance radars (SSRs), installed at air traffic control facilities. The controllers can use the information to identify radar returns from aircraft (known as targets) and to distinguish those returns from ground clutter. ATCRBS assists air traffic control (ATC) surveillance radars by acquiring information about the aircraft being monitored, and providing this information to the radar controllers. This information can include flight number designation and altitude of the aircraft. ![]() Information about this aircraft is then entered into the system and subsequently added to the controller's screen to display this information when queried. When the beam strikes an aircraft, the transponder transmits a return signal back giving information such as altitude and the Squawk Code, a four digit code assigned to each aircraft that enters a region. The ground antenna sweeps a narrow vertical beam of microwaves around the airspace. It consists of a rotating ground antenna and transponders in aircraft. The air traffic control radar beacon system ( ATCRBS) is a system used in air traffic control (ATC) to enhance surveillance radar monitoring and separation of air traffic.
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